buildx/bake/bake.go

package bake

import (
	"context"
	"encoding"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"maps"
	"os"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"regexp"
	"slices"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	composecli "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/v2/cli"
	"github.com/docker/buildx/bake/hclparser"
	"github.com/docker/buildx/build"
	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/buildflags"
	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/platformutil"
	"github.com/docker/buildx/util/progress"
	dockeropts "github.com/docker/cli/opts"
	hcl "github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2"
	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client"
	"github.com/moby/buildkit/client/llb"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty"
	"github.com/zclconf/go-cty/cty/convert"
)

var (
	validTargetNameChars = `[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+`
	targetNamePattern    = regexp.MustCompile(`^` + validTargetNameChars + `$`)
)

type File struct {
	Name string
	Data []byte
}

type Override struct {
	Value    string
	ArrValue []string
	Append   bool
}

func defaultFilenames() []string {
	names := []string{}
	names = append(names, composecli.DefaultFileNames...)
	names = append(names, []string{
		"docker-bake.json",
		"docker-bake.hcl",
		"docker-bake.override.json",
		"docker-bake.override.hcl",
	}...)
	return names
}

func ReadLocalFiles(names []string, stdin io.Reader, l progress.SubLogger) ([]File, error) {
	isDefault := false
	if len(names) == 0 {
		isDefault = true
		names = defaultFilenames()
	}
	out := make([]File, 0, len(names))

	setStatus := func(st *client.VertexStatus) {
		if l != nil {
			l.SetStatus(st)
		}
	}

	for _, n := range names {
		var dt []byte
		var err error
		if n == "-" {
			dt, err = readWithProgress(stdin, setStatus)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		} else {
			dt, err = readFileWithProgress(n, isDefault, setStatus)
			if dt == nil && err == nil {
				continue
			}
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}
		out = append(out, File{Name: n, Data: dt})
	}
	return out, nil
}

func readFileWithProgress(fname string, isDefault bool, setStatus func(st *client.VertexStatus)) (dt []byte, err error) {
	st := &client.VertexStatus{
		ID: "reading " + fname,
	}

	defer func() {
		now := time.Now()
		st.Completed = &now
		if dt != nil || err != nil {
			setStatus(st)
		}
	}()

	now := time.Now()
	st.Started = &now

	f, err := os.Open(fname)
	if err != nil {
		if isDefault && errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
			return nil, nil
		}
		return nil, err
	}
	defer f.Close()
	setStatus(st)

	info, err := f.Stat()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	st.Total = info.Size()
	setStatus(st)

	buf := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		n, err := f.Read(buf)
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		dt = append(dt, buf[:n]...)
		st.Current += int64(n)
		setStatus(st)
	}

	return dt, nil
}

func readWithProgress(r io.Reader, setStatus func(st *client.VertexStatus)) (dt []byte, err error) {
	st := &client.VertexStatus{
		ID: "reading from stdin",
	}

	defer func() {
		now := time.Now()
		st.Completed = &now
		setStatus(st)
	}()

	now := time.Now()
	st.Started = &now
	setStatus(st)

	buf := make([]byte, 1024)
	for {
		n, err := r.Read(buf)
		if err == io.EOF {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		dt = append(dt, buf[:n]...)
		st.Current += int64(n)
		setStatus(st)
	}

	return dt, nil
}

func ListTargets(files []File) ([]string, error) {
	c, _, err := ParseFiles(files, nil, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	var targets []string
	for _, g := range c.Groups {
		targets = append(targets, g.Name)
	}
	for _, t := range c.Targets {
		targets = append(targets, t.Name)
	}
	return dedupSlice(targets), nil
}

func ReadTargets(ctx context.Context, files []File, targets, overrides []string, defaults, vars map[string]string, ent *EntitlementConf) (map[string]*Target, map[string]*Group, error) {
	c, _, err := ParseFiles(files, defaults, vars)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	for i, t := range targets {
		targets[i] = sanitizeTargetName(t)
	}

	var tms []string
	for _, t := range targets {
		names, err := c.matchNames(t)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
		tms = append(tms, names...)
	}
	targets = dedupSlice(tms)

	o, err := c.newOverrides(overrides)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, err
	}

	targetsMap := map[string]*Target{}
	groupsMap := map[string]*Group{}
	for _, target := range targets {
		ts, gs := c.ResolveGroup(target)
		for _, tname := range ts {
			t, err := c.ResolveTarget(tname, o, ent)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, nil, err
			}
			if t != nil {
				targetsMap[tname] = t
			}
		}
		for _, gname := range gs {
			for _, group := range c.Groups {
				if group.Name == gname {
					groupsMap[gname] = group
					break
				}
			}
		}
	}

	for _, target := range targets {
		if _, ok := groupsMap["default"]; ok && target == "default" {
			continue
		}
		if _, ok := groupsMap["default"]; !ok {
			groupsMap["default"] = &Group{Name: "default"}
		}
		groupsMap["default"].Targets = append(groupsMap["default"].Targets, target)
	}
	if g, ok := groupsMap["default"]; ok {
		g.Targets = dedupSlice(g.Targets)
		sort.Strings(g.Targets)
	}

	for name, t := range targetsMap {
		if err := c.loadLinks(name, t, targetsMap, o, nil, ent); err != nil {
			return nil, nil, err
		}
	}

	return targetsMap, groupsMap, nil
}

func dedupSlice(s []string) []string {
	if len(s) == 0 {
		return s
	}
	var res []string
	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, val := range s {
		if _, ok := seen[val]; !ok {
			res = append(res, val)
			seen[val] = struct{}{}
		}
	}
	return res
}

func dedupMap(ms ...map[string]string) map[string]string {
	if len(ms) == 0 {
		return nil
	}
	res := map[string]string{}
	for _, m := range ms {
		if len(m) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		for k, v := range m {
			if _, ok := res[k]; !ok {
				res[k] = v
			}
		}
	}
	return res
}

func sliceToMap(env []string) (res map[string]string) {
	res = make(map[string]string)
	for _, s := range env {
		kv := strings.SplitN(s, "=", 2)
		key := kv[0]
		switch {
		case len(kv) == 1:
			res[key] = ""
		default:
			res[key] = kv[1]
		}
	}
	return
}

func (c Config) matchNames(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
	if !strings.ContainsAny(pattern, "*?[]") {
		return []string{pattern}, nil
	}
	var names []string
	for _, group := range c.Groups {
		if ok, err := path.Match(pattern, group.Name); ok && err == nil {
			names = append(names, group.Name)
		}
	}
	for _, target := range c.Targets {
		if ok, err := path.Match(pattern, target.Name); ok && err == nil {
			names = append(names, target.Name)
		}
	}
	if len(names) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("could not find any target matching %q", pattern)
	}
	return names, nil
}

func ParseFiles(files []File, defaults, vars map[string]string) (_ *Config, _ *hclparser.ParseMeta, err error) {
	defer func() {
		err = formatHCLError(err, files)
	}()

	var c Config
	var composeFiles []File
	var hclFiles []*hcl.File
	for _, f := range files {
		isCompose, composeErr := validateComposeFile(f.Data, f.Name, vars)
		if isCompose {
			if composeErr != nil {
				return nil, nil, composeErr
			}
			composeFiles = append(composeFiles, f)
		}
		if !isCompose {
			hf, isHCL, err := ParseHCLFile(f.Data, f.Name)
			if isHCL {
				if err != nil {
					return nil, nil, err
				}
				hclFiles = append(hclFiles, hf)
			} else if composeErr != nil {
				return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse %s: parsing yaml: %v, parsing hcl", f.Name, composeErr)
			} else {
				return nil, nil, err
			}
		}
	}

	if len(composeFiles) > 0 {
		cfg, cmperr := ParseComposeFiles(composeFiles, vars)
		if cmperr != nil {
			return nil, nil, errors.Wrap(cmperr, "failed to parse compose file")
		}
		c = mergeConfig(c, *cfg)
		c = dedupeConfig(c)
	}

	var pm hclparser.ParseMeta
	if len(hclFiles) > 0 {
		lookup := func(key string) (string, bool) {
			if v, ok := vars[key]; ok {
				return v, true
			}
			if envLookupAllowed() {
				return os.LookupEnv(key)
			}
			return "", false
		}
		res, err := hclparser.Parse(hclparser.MergeFiles(hclFiles), hclparser.Opt{
			LookupVar:     lookup,
			Vars:          defaults,
			ValidateLabel: validateTargetName,
		}, &c)
		if err.HasErrors() {
			return nil, nil, err
		}

		for _, renamed := range res.Renamed {
			for oldName, newNames := range renamed {
				newNames = dedupSlice(newNames)
				if len(newNames) == 1 && oldName == newNames[0] {
					continue
				}
				c.Groups = append(c.Groups, &Group{
					Name:    oldName,
					Targets: newNames,
				})
			}
		}
		c = dedupeConfig(c)
		pm = *res
	}

	return &c, &pm, nil
}

func dedupeConfig(c Config) Config {
	c2 := c
	c2.Groups = make([]*Group, 0, len(c2.Groups))
	for _, g := range c.Groups {
		g1 := *g
		g1.Targets = dedupSlice(g1.Targets)
		c2.Groups = append(c2.Groups, &g1)
	}
	c2.Targets = make([]*Target, 0, len(c2.Targets))
	mt := map[string]*Target{}
	for _, t := range c.Targets {
		if t2, ok := mt[t.Name]; ok {
			t2.Merge(t)
		} else {
			mt[t.Name] = t
			c2.Targets = append(c2.Targets, t)
		}
	}
	return c2
}

func ParseFile(dt []byte, fn string) (*Config, error) {
	c, _, err := ParseFiles([]File{{Data: dt, Name: fn}}, nil, nil)
	return c, err
}

type Config struct {
	Groups  []*Group  `json:"group" hcl:"group,block" cty:"group"`
	Targets []*Target `json:"target" hcl:"target,block" cty:"target"`
}

func mergeConfig(c1, c2 Config) Config {
	if c1.Groups == nil {
		c1.Groups = []*Group{}
	}

	for _, g2 := range c2.Groups {
		var g1 *Group
		for _, g := range c1.Groups {
			if g2.Name == g.Name {
				g1 = g
				break
			}
		}
		if g1 == nil {
			c1.Groups = append(c1.Groups, g2)
			continue
		}

	nextTarget:
		for _, t2 := range g2.Targets {
			for _, t1 := range g1.Targets {
				if t1 == t2 {
					continue nextTarget
				}
			}
			g1.Targets = append(g1.Targets, t2)
		}
		c1.Groups = append(c1.Groups, g1)
	}

	if c1.Targets == nil {
		c1.Targets = []*Target{}
	}

	for _, t2 := range c2.Targets {
		var t1 *Target
		for _, t := range c1.Targets {
			if t2.Name == t.Name {
				t1 = t
				break
			}
		}
		if t1 != nil {
			t1.Merge(t2)
			t2 = t1
		}
		c1.Targets = append(c1.Targets, t2)
	}

	return c1
}

func (c Config) expandTargets(pattern string) ([]string, error) {
	for _, target := range c.Targets {
		if target.Name == pattern {
			return []string{pattern}, nil
		}
	}

	var names []string
	for _, target := range c.Targets {
		ok, err := path.Match(pattern, target.Name)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "could not match targets with '%s'", pattern)
		}
		if ok {
			names = append(names, target.Name)
		}
	}
	if len(names) == 0 {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("could not find any target matching '%s'", pattern)
	}
	return names, nil
}

func (c Config) loadLinks(name string, t *Target, m map[string]*Target, o map[string]map[string]Override, visited []string, ent *EntitlementConf) error {
	visited = append(visited, name)
	for _, v := range t.Contexts {
		if target, ok := strings.CutPrefix(v, "target:"); ok {
			if target == name {
				return errors.Errorf("target %s cannot link to itself", target)
			}
			if slices.Contains(visited, target) {
				return errors.Errorf("infinite loop from %s to %s", name, target)
			}
			t2, ok := m[target]
			if !ok {
				var err error
				t2, err = c.ResolveTarget(target, o, ent)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				t2.Outputs = []*buildflags.ExportEntry{
					{Type: "cacheonly"},
				}
				t2.linked = true
				m[target] = t2
			}
			if err := c.loadLinks(target, t2, m, o, visited, ent); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// entitlements are inherited from linked targets
			for _, ent := range t2.Entitlements {
				if !slices.Contains(t.Entitlements, ent) {
					t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, ent)
				}
			}

			if len(t.Platforms) > 1 && len(t2.Platforms) > 1 {
				if !isSubset(t.Platforms, t2.Platforms) {
					return errors.Errorf("target %s can't be used by %s because its platforms %v are not a subset of %v", target, name, t.Platforms, t2.Platforms)
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (c Config) newOverrides(v []string) (map[string]map[string]Override, error) {
	m := map[string]map[string]Override{}
	for _, v := range v {
		parts := strings.SplitN(v, "=", 2)

		skey := strings.TrimSuffix(parts[0], "+")
		appendTo := strings.HasSuffix(parts[0], "+")
		keys := strings.SplitN(skey, ".", 3)
		if len(keys) < 2 {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid override key %s, expected target.name", skey)
		}

		pattern := keys[0]
		if len(parts) != 2 && keys[1] != "args" {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid override %s, expected target.name=value", v)
		}

		names, err := c.expandTargets(pattern)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		okey := strings.Join(keys[1:], ".")
		for _, name := range names {
			t, ok := m[name]
			if !ok {
				t = map[string]Override{}
				m[name] = t
			}

			override := t[okey]

			// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update
			// docs/reference/buildx_bake.md (--set) and https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/overrides/
			switch keys[1] {
			case "output", "cache-to", "cache-from", "tags", "platform", "secrets", "ssh", "attest", "entitlements", "network", "annotations", "policy":
				if len(parts) == 2 {
					override.Append = appendTo
					override.ArrValue = append(override.ArrValue, parts[1])
				}
			case "args":
				if len(keys) != 3 {
					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid key %s, args requires name", parts[0])
				}
				if len(parts) < 2 && envLookupAllowed() {
					v, ok := os.LookupEnv(keys[2])
					if !ok {
						continue
					}
					override.Value = v
				}
				fallthrough
			case "contexts":
				if len(keys) != 3 {
					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid key %s, contexts requires name", parts[0])
				}
				fallthrough
			default:
				if len(parts) == 2 {
					override.Value = parts[1]
				}
			}

			t[okey] = override
		}
	}
	return m, nil
}

func (c Config) ResolveGroup(name string) ([]string, []string) {
	targets, groups := c.group(name, map[string]visit{})
	return dedupSlice(targets), dedupSlice(groups)
}

type visit struct {
	target []string
	group  []string
}

func (c Config) group(name string, visited map[string]visit) ([]string, []string) {
	if v, ok := visited[name]; ok {
		return v.target, v.group
	}
	var g *Group
	for _, group := range c.Groups {
		if group.Name == name {
			g = group
			break
		}
	}
	if g == nil {
		return []string{name}, nil
	}
	visited[name] = visit{}
	targets := make([]string, 0, len(g.Targets))
	groups := []string{name}
	for _, t := range g.Targets {
		ttarget, tgroup := c.group(t, visited)
		if len(ttarget) > 0 {
			targets = append(targets, ttarget...)
		} else {
			targets = append(targets, t)
		}
		if len(tgroup) > 0 {
			groups = append(groups, tgroup...)
		}
	}
	visited[name] = visit{target: targets, group: groups}
	return targets, groups
}

func (c Config) ResolveTarget(name string, overrides map[string]map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) (*Target, error) {
	t, err := c.target(name, map[string]*Target{}, overrides, ent)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	t.Inherits = nil
	if t.Context == nil {
		s := "."
		t.Context = &s
	}
	if t.Dockerfile == nil || (t.Dockerfile != nil && *t.Dockerfile == "") {
		s := "Dockerfile"
		t.Dockerfile = &s
	}
	return t, nil
}

func (c Config) target(name string, visited map[string]*Target, overrides map[string]map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) (*Target, error) {
	if t, ok := visited[name]; ok {
		return t, nil
	}
	visited[name] = nil
	var t *Target
	for _, target := range c.Targets {
		if target.Name == name {
			t = target
			break
		}
	}
	if t == nil {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("failed to find target %s", name)
	}
	tt := &Target{}
	for _, name := range t.Inherits {
		t, err := c.target(name, visited, overrides, ent)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if t != nil {
			tt.Merge(t)
		}
	}
	m := defaultTarget()
	m.Merge(tt)
	m.Merge(t)
	tt = m
	if err := tt.AddOverrides(overrides[name], ent); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	tt.normalize()
	visited[name] = tt
	return tt, nil
}

type Group struct {
	Name        string   `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
	Description string   `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional" cty:"description"`
	Targets     []string `json:"targets" hcl:"targets" cty:"targets"`
	// Target // TODO?
}

type Target struct {
	Name        string `json:"-" hcl:"name,label" cty:"name"`
	Description string `json:"description,omitempty" hcl:"description,optional" cty:"description"`

	// Inherits is the only field that cannot be overridden with --set
	Inherits []string `json:"inherits,omitempty" hcl:"inherits,optional" cty:"inherits"`

	Annotations      []string                 `json:"annotations,omitempty" hcl:"annotations,optional" cty:"annotations"`
	Attest           buildflags.Attests       `json:"attest,omitempty" hcl:"attest,optional" cty:"attest"`
	Context          *string                  `json:"context,omitempty" hcl:"context,optional" cty:"context"`
	Contexts         map[string]string        `json:"contexts,omitempty" hcl:"contexts,optional" cty:"contexts"`
	Dockerfile       *string                  `json:"dockerfile,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile,optional" cty:"dockerfile"`
	DockerfileInline *string                  `json:"dockerfile-inline,omitempty" hcl:"dockerfile-inline,optional" cty:"dockerfile-inline"`
	Args             map[string]*string       `json:"args,omitempty" hcl:"args,optional" cty:"args"`
	Labels           map[string]*string       `json:"labels,omitempty" hcl:"labels,optional" cty:"labels"`
	Tags             []string                 `json:"tags,omitempty" hcl:"tags,optional" cty:"tags"`
	CacheFrom        buildflags.CacheOptions  `json:"cache-from,omitempty" hcl:"cache-from,optional" cty:"cache-from"`
	CacheTo          buildflags.CacheOptions  `json:"cache-to,omitempty" hcl:"cache-to,optional" cty:"cache-to"`
	Target           *string                  `json:"target,omitempty" hcl:"target,optional" cty:"target"`
	Secrets          buildflags.Secrets       `json:"secret,omitempty" hcl:"secret,optional" cty:"secret"`
	SSH              buildflags.SSHKeys       `json:"ssh,omitempty" hcl:"ssh,optional" cty:"ssh"`
	Platforms        []string                 `json:"platforms,omitempty" hcl:"platforms,optional" cty:"platforms"`
	Outputs          buildflags.Exports       `json:"output,omitempty" hcl:"output,optional" cty:"output"`
	Pull             *bool                    `json:"pull,omitempty" hcl:"pull,optional" cty:"pull"`
	NoCache          *bool                    `json:"no-cache,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache,optional" cty:"no-cache"`
	NetworkMode      *string                  `json:"network,omitempty" hcl:"network,optional" cty:"network"`
	NoCacheFilter    []string                 `json:"no-cache-filter,omitempty" hcl:"no-cache-filter,optional" cty:"no-cache-filter"`
	ShmSize          *string                  `json:"shm-size,omitempty" hcl:"shm-size,optional" cty:"shm-size"`
	Ulimits          []string                 `json:"ulimits,omitempty" hcl:"ulimits,optional" cty:"ulimits"`
	Call             *string                  `json:"call,omitempty" hcl:"call,optional" cty:"call"`
	Entitlements     []string                 `json:"entitlements,omitempty" hcl:"entitlements,optional" cty:"entitlements"`
	ExtraHosts       map[string]*string       `json:"extra-hosts,omitempty" hcl:"extra-hosts,optional" cty:"extra-hosts"`
	Policy           buildflags.PolicyConfigs `json:"policy,omitempty" hcl:"policy,optional" cty:"policy"`
	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update newOverrides/AddOverrides and docs/bake-reference.md.

	// linked is a private field to mark a target used as a linked one
	linked bool
}

func (t *Target) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	tgt := *t
	esc := func(s string) string {
		return strings.ReplaceAll(strings.ReplaceAll(s, "${", "$${"), "%{", "%%{")
	}

	tgt.Annotations = slices.Clone(t.Annotations)
	for i, v := range tgt.Annotations {
		tgt.Annotations[i] = esc(v)
	}

	if tgt.DockerfileInline != nil {
		escaped := esc(*tgt.DockerfileInline)
		tgt.DockerfileInline = &escaped
	}

	tgt.Labels = maps.Clone(t.Labels)
	for k, v := range t.Labels {
		if v != nil {
			escaped := esc(*v)
			tgt.Labels[k] = &escaped
		}
	}

	tgt.Args = maps.Clone(t.Args)
	for k, v := range t.Args {
		if v != nil {
			escaped := esc(*v)
			tgt.Args[k] = &escaped
		}
	}

	tgt.ExtraHosts = maps.Clone(t.ExtraHosts)
	for k, v := range t.ExtraHosts {
		if v != nil {
			escaped := esc(*v)
			tgt.ExtraHosts[k] = &escaped
		}
	}

	return json.Marshal(tgt)
}

var (
	_ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Target{}
	_ hclparser.WithGetName      = &Target{}
	_ hclparser.WithEvalContexts = &Group{}
	_ hclparser.WithGetName      = &Group{}
)

func (t *Target) normalize() {
	t.Annotations = removeDupesStr(t.Annotations)
	t.Attest = t.Attest.Normalize()
	t.Tags = removeDupesStr(t.Tags)
	t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Normalize()
	t.SSH = t.SSH.Normalize()
	t.Platforms = removeDupesStr(t.Platforms)
	t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Normalize()
	t.CacheTo = t.CacheTo.Normalize()
	t.Outputs = t.Outputs.Normalize()
	t.NoCacheFilter = removeDupesStr(t.NoCacheFilter)
	t.Ulimits = removeDupesStr(t.Ulimits)

	if t.NetworkMode != nil && *t.NetworkMode == "host" {
		t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, "network.host")
	}

	t.Entitlements = removeDupesStr(t.Entitlements)

	for k, v := range t.Contexts {
		if v == "" {
			delete(t.Contexts, k)
		}
	}
	if len(t.Contexts) == 0 {
		t.Contexts = nil
	}
}

func (t *Target) Merge(t2 *Target) {
	if t2.Context != nil {
		t.Context = t2.Context
	}
	if t2.Dockerfile != nil {
		t.Dockerfile = t2.Dockerfile
	}
	if t2.DockerfileInline != nil {
		t.DockerfileInline = t2.DockerfileInline
	}
	for k, v := range t2.Args {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		if t.Args == nil {
			t.Args = map[string]*string{}
		}
		t.Args[k] = v
	}
	for k, v := range t2.Contexts {
		if t.Contexts == nil {
			t.Contexts = map[string]string{}
		}
		t.Contexts[k] = v
	}
	for k, v := range t2.Labels {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		if t.Labels == nil {
			t.Labels = map[string]*string{}
		}
		t.Labels[k] = v
	}
	if t2.Tags != nil { // no merge
		t.Tags = t2.Tags
	}
	if t2.Target != nil {
		t.Target = t2.Target
	}
	if t2.Call != nil {
		t.Call = t2.Call
	}
	if t2.Annotations != nil { // merge
		t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, t2.Annotations...)
	}
	if t2.Attest != nil { // merge
		t.Attest = t.Attest.Merge(t2.Attest)
	}
	if t2.Policy != nil { // merge
		t.Policy = append(t.Policy, t2.Policy...)
	}
	if t2.Secrets != nil { // merge
		t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Merge(t2.Secrets)
	}
	if t2.SSH != nil { // merge
		t.SSH = t.SSH.Merge(t2.SSH)
	}
	if t2.Platforms != nil { // no merge
		t.Platforms = t2.Platforms
	}
	if t2.CacheFrom != nil { // merge
		t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Merge(t2.CacheFrom)
	}
	if t2.CacheTo != nil { // no merge
		t.CacheTo = t2.CacheTo
	}
	if t2.Outputs != nil { // no merge
		t.Outputs = t2.Outputs
	}
	if t2.Pull != nil {
		t.Pull = t2.Pull
	}
	if t2.NoCache != nil {
		t.NoCache = t2.NoCache
	}
	if t2.NetworkMode != nil {
		t.NetworkMode = t2.NetworkMode
	}
	if t2.NoCacheFilter != nil { // merge
		t.NoCacheFilter = append(t.NoCacheFilter, t2.NoCacheFilter...)
	}
	if t2.ShmSize != nil { // no merge
		t.ShmSize = t2.ShmSize
	}
	if t2.Ulimits != nil { // merge
		t.Ulimits = append(t.Ulimits, t2.Ulimits...)
	}
	if t2.Description != "" {
		t.Description = t2.Description
	}
	if t2.Entitlements != nil { // merge
		t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, t2.Entitlements...)
	}
	for k, v := range t2.ExtraHosts {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		if t.ExtraHosts == nil {
			t.ExtraHosts = map[string]*string{}
		}
		t.ExtraHosts[k] = v
	}
	t.Inherits = append(t.Inherits, t2.Inherits...)
}

func (t *Target) AddOverrides(overrides map[string]Override, ent *EntitlementConf) error {
	// IMPORTANT: if you add more fields here, do not forget to update
	// docs/bake-reference.md and https://docs.docker.com/build/bake/overrides/
	for key, o := range overrides {
		value := o.Value
		keys := strings.SplitN(key, ".", 2)
		switch keys[0] {
		case "context":
			t.Context = &value
		case "dockerfile":
			t.Dockerfile = &value
		case "args":
			if len(keys) != 2 {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for args, expecting args.<name>=<value>")
			}
			if t.Args == nil {
				t.Args = map[string]*string{}
			}
			t.Args[keys[1]] = &value
		case "contexts":
			if len(keys) != 2 {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for contexts, expecting contexts.<name>=<value>")
			}
			if t.Contexts == nil {
				t.Contexts = map[string]string{}
			}
			t.Contexts[keys[1]] = value
		case "labels":
			if len(keys) != 2 {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for labels, expecting labels.<name>=<value>")
			}
			if t.Labels == nil {
				t.Labels = map[string]*string{}
			}
			t.Labels[keys[1]] = &value
		case "tags":
			if o.Append {
				t.Tags = append(t.Tags, o.ArrValue...)
			} else {
				t.Tags = o.ArrValue
			}
		case "policy":
			if !o.Append {
				t.Policy = nil
			}
			for _, v := range o.ArrValue {
				cfg, err := buildflags.ParsePolicyConfig(v)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				t.Policy = append(t.Policy, cfg)
			}
		case "cache-from":
			cacheFrom, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if o.Append {
				t.CacheFrom = t.CacheFrom.Merge(cacheFrom)
			} else {
				t.CacheFrom = cacheFrom
			}
			for _, c := range t.CacheFrom {
				if c.Type == "local" {
					if v, ok := c.Attrs["src"]; ok {
						ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, v)
					}
				}
			}
		case "cache-to":
			cacheTo, err := buildflags.ParseCacheEntry(o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if o.Append {
				t.CacheTo = t.CacheTo.Merge(cacheTo)
			} else {
				t.CacheTo = cacheTo
			}
			for _, c := range t.CacheTo {
				if c.Type == "local" {
					if v, ok := c.Attrs["dest"]; ok {
						ent.FSWrite = append(ent.FSWrite, v)
					}
				}
			}
		case "target":
			t.Target = &value
		case "call":
			t.Call = &value
		case "secrets":
			secrets, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.Secret](o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
			}
			if o.Append {
				t.Secrets = t.Secrets.Merge(secrets)
			} else {
				t.Secrets = secrets
			}
			for _, s := range t.Secrets {
				if s.FilePath != "" {
					ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, s.FilePath)
				}
			}
		case "ssh":
			ssh, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.SSH](o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
			}
			if o.Append {
				t.SSH = t.SSH.Merge(ssh)
			} else {
				t.SSH = ssh
			}
			for _, s := range t.SSH {
				ent.FSRead = append(ent.FSRead, s.Paths...)
			}
		case "platform":
			if o.Append {
				t.Platforms = append(t.Platforms, o.ArrValue...)
			} else {
				t.Platforms = o.ArrValue
			}
		case "output":
			outputs, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.ExportEntry](o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for outputs")
			}
			if o.Append {
				t.Outputs = t.Outputs.Merge(outputs)
			} else {
				t.Outputs = outputs
			}
			for _, o := range t.Outputs {
				if o.Destination != "" {
					ent.FSWrite = append(ent.FSWrite, o.Destination)
				}
			}
		case "entitlements":
			t.Entitlements = append(t.Entitlements, o.ArrValue...)
			for _, v := range o.ArrValue {
				if v == string(EntitlementKeyNetworkHost) {
					ent.NetworkHost = true
				} else if v == string(EntitlementKeySecurityInsecure) {
					ent.SecurityInsecure = true
				}
			}
		case "annotations":
			t.Annotations = append(t.Annotations, o.ArrValue...)
		case "attest":
			attest, err := parseArrValue[buildflags.Attest](o.ArrValue)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid value for attest")
			}
			t.Attest = t.Attest.Merge(attest)
		case "no-cache":
			noCache, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key no-cache", value)
			}
			t.NoCache = &noCache
		case "no-cache-filter":
			if o.Append {
				t.NoCacheFilter = append(t.NoCacheFilter, o.ArrValue...)
			} else {
				t.NoCacheFilter = o.ArrValue
			}
		case "shm-size":
			t.ShmSize = &value
		case "ulimits":
			if o.Append {
				t.Ulimits = append(t.Ulimits, o.ArrValue...)
			} else {
				t.Ulimits = o.ArrValue
			}
		case "network":
			t.NetworkMode = &value
		case "pull":
			pull, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key pull", value)
			}
			t.Pull = &pull
		case "push":
			push, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key push", value)
			}
			t.Outputs = setPushOverride(t.Outputs, push)
		case "load":
			load, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
			if err != nil {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for boolean key load", value)
			}
			t.Outputs = setLoadOverride(t.Outputs, load)
		case "extra-hosts":
			if len(keys) != 2 {
				return errors.Errorf("invalid format for extra-hosts, expecting extra-hosts.<hostname>=<ip>")
			}
			if t.ExtraHosts == nil {
				t.ExtraHosts = map[string]*string{}
			}
			t.ExtraHosts[keys[1]] = &value
		default:
			return errors.Errorf("unknown key: %s", keys[0])
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (g *Group) GetEvalContexts(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, block *hcl.Block, loadDeps func(hcl.Expression) hcl.Diagnostics) ([]*hcl.EvalContext, error) {
	content, _, err := block.Body.PartialContent(&hcl.BodySchema{
		Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{{Name: "matrix"}},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if _, ok := content.Attributes["matrix"]; ok {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("matrix is not supported for groups")
	}
	return []*hcl.EvalContext{ectx}, nil
}

func (t *Target) GetEvalContexts(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, block *hcl.Block, loadDeps func(hcl.Expression) hcl.Diagnostics) ([]*hcl.EvalContext, error) {
	content, _, err := block.Body.PartialContent(&hcl.BodySchema{
		Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{{Name: "matrix"}},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	attr, ok := content.Attributes["matrix"]
	if !ok {
		return []*hcl.EvalContext{ectx}, nil
	}
	if diags := loadDeps(attr.Expr); diags.HasErrors() {
		return nil, diags
	}
	value, err := attr.Expr.Value(ectx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if !value.Type().IsMapType() && !value.Type().IsObjectType() {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("matrix must be a map")
	}
	matrix := value.AsValueMap()

	ectxs := []*hcl.EvalContext{ectx}
	for k, expr := range matrix {
		if !expr.CanIterateElements() {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("matrix values must be a list")
		}

		ectxs2 := []*hcl.EvalContext{}
		for _, v := range expr.AsValueSlice() {
			for _, e := range ectxs {
				e2 := ectx.NewChild()
				e2.Variables = make(map[string]cty.Value)
				if e != ectx {
					maps.Copy(e2.Variables, e.Variables)
				}
				e2.Variables[k] = v
				ectxs2 = append(ectxs2, e2)
			}
		}
		ectxs = ectxs2
	}
	return ectxs, nil
}

func (g *Group) GetName(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, block *hcl.Block, loadDeps func(hcl.Expression) hcl.Diagnostics) (string, error) {
	content, _, diags := block.Body.PartialContent(&hcl.BodySchema{
		Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{{Name: "name"}, {Name: "matrix"}},
	})
	if diags != nil {
		return "", diags
	}

	if _, ok := content.Attributes["name"]; ok {
		return "", errors.Errorf("name is not supported for groups")
	}
	if _, ok := content.Attributes["matrix"]; ok {
		return "", errors.Errorf("matrix is not supported for groups")
	}
	return block.Labels[0], nil
}

func (t *Target) GetName(ectx *hcl.EvalContext, block *hcl.Block, loadDeps func(hcl.Expression) hcl.Diagnostics) (string, error) {
	content, _, diags := block.Body.PartialContent(&hcl.BodySchema{
		Attributes: []hcl.AttributeSchema{{Name: "name"}, {Name: "matrix"}},
	})
	if diags != nil {
		return "", diags
	}

	attr, ok := content.Attributes["name"]
	if !ok {
		return block.Labels[0], nil
	}
	if _, ok := content.Attributes["matrix"]; !ok {
		return "", errors.Errorf("name requires matrix")
	}
	if diags := loadDeps(attr.Expr); diags.HasErrors() {
		return "", diags
	}
	value, diags := attr.Expr.Value(ectx)
	if diags != nil {
		return "", diags
	}

	value, err := convert.Convert(value, cty.String)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return value.AsString(), nil
}

func TargetsToBuildOpt(m map[string]*Target, inp *Input) (map[string]build.Options, error) {
	m2 := make(map[string]build.Options, len(m))
	for k, v := range m {
		bo, err := toBuildOpt(v, inp)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		m2[k] = *bo
	}
	return m2, nil
}

func updateContext(t *build.Inputs, inp *Input) {
	if inp == nil || inp.State == nil {
		return
	}

	for k, v := range t.NamedContexts {
		if v.Path == "." {
			t.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: inp.URL}
		}
		if strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "cwd://") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "target:") || strings.HasPrefix(v.Path, "docker-image:") {
			continue
		}
		if build.IsRemoteURL(v.Path) {
			continue
		}
		st := llb.Scratch().File(llb.Copy(*inp.State, v.Path, "/"), llb.WithCustomNamef("set context %s to %s", k, v.Path))
		t.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{State: &st}
	}

	if t.ContextPath == "." {
		t.ContextPath = inp.URL
		return
	}
	if strings.HasPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://") {
		return
	}
	if build.IsRemoteURL(t.ContextPath) {
		return
	}
	st := llb.Scratch().File(
		llb.Copy(*inp.State, t.ContextPath, "/", &llb.CopyInfo{
			CopyDirContentsOnly: true,
		}),
		llb.WithCustomNamef("set context to %s", t.ContextPath),
	)
	t.ContextState = &st
}

func isRemoteContext(t build.Inputs, inp *Input) bool {
	if build.IsRemoteURL(t.ContextPath) {
		return true
	}
	if inp != nil && build.IsRemoteURL(inp.URL) && !strings.HasPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://") {
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func collectLocalPaths(t build.Inputs) []string {
	var out []string
	if t.ContextState == nil {
		if v, ok := isLocalPath(t.ContextPath); ok {
			out = append(out, v)
		}
		if v, ok := isLocalPath(t.DockerfilePath); ok {
			out = append(out, v)
		}
	} else if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(t.ContextPath, "cwd://"); ok {
		out = append(out, v)
	}
	for _, v := range t.NamedContexts {
		if v.State != nil {
			continue
		}
		if v, ok := isLocalPath(v.Path); ok {
			out = append(out, v)
		}
	}
	return out
}

func isLocalPath(p string) (string, bool) {
	if build.IsRemoteURL(p) || strings.HasPrefix(p, "target:") || strings.HasPrefix(p, "docker-image:") {
		return "", false
	}
	return strings.TrimPrefix(p, "cwd://"), true
}

func toBuildOpt(t *Target, inp *Input) (*build.Options, error) {
	if v := t.Context; v != nil && *v == "-" {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("context from stdin not allowed in bake")
	}
	if v := t.Dockerfile; v != nil && *v == "-" {
		return nil, errors.Errorf("dockerfile from stdin not allowed in bake")
	}

	contextPath := "."
	if t.Context != nil {
		contextPath = *t.Context
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(contextPath, "cwd://") && !build.IsRemoteURL(contextPath) {
		contextPath = path.Clean(contextPath)
	}
	dockerfilePath := "Dockerfile"
	if t.Dockerfile != nil {
		dockerfilePath = *t.Dockerfile
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(dockerfilePath, "cwd://") {
		dockerfilePath = path.Clean(dockerfilePath)
	}

	bi := build.Inputs{
		ContextPath:    contextPath,
		DockerfilePath: dockerfilePath,
		NamedContexts:  toNamedContexts(t.Contexts),
	}
	if t.DockerfileInline != nil {
		bi.DockerfileInline = *t.DockerfileInline
	}
	updateContext(&bi, inp)
	if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(bi.DockerfilePath, "cwd://"); ok {
		// If Dockerfile is local for a remote invocation, we first check if
		// it's not outside the working directory and then resolve it to an
		// absolute path.
		bi.DockerfilePath = path.Clean(v)
		var err error
		bi.DockerfilePath, err = filepath.Abs(bi.DockerfilePath)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	} else if !build.IsRemoteURL(bi.DockerfilePath) && strings.HasPrefix(bi.ContextPath, "cwd://") && (inp != nil && build.IsRemoteURL(inp.URL)) {
		// We don't currently support reading a remote Dockerfile with a local
		// context when doing a remote invocation because we automatically
		// derive the dockerfile from the context atm:
		//
		// target "default" {
		//  context = BAKE_CMD_CONTEXT
		//  dockerfile = "Dockerfile.app"
		// }
		//
		// > docker buildx bake https://github.com/foo/bar.git
		// failed to solve: failed to read dockerfile: open /var/lib/docker/tmp/buildkit-mount3004544897/Dockerfile.app: no such file or directory
		//
		// To avoid mistakenly reading a local Dockerfile, we check if the
		// Dockerfile exists locally and if so, we error out.
		if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(path.Clean(strings.TrimPrefix(bi.ContextPath, "cwd://")), bi.DockerfilePath)); err == nil {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("reading a dockerfile for a remote build invocation is currently not supported")
		}
	}
	if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(bi.ContextPath, "cwd://"); ok {
		bi.ContextPath = path.Clean(v)
	}
	if !build.IsRemoteURL(bi.ContextPath) && bi.ContextState == nil && !filepath.IsAbs(bi.DockerfilePath) {
		bi.DockerfilePath = filepath.Join(bi.ContextPath, bi.DockerfilePath)
	}
	for k, v := range bi.NamedContexts {
		if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(v.Path, "cwd://"); ok {
			bi.NamedContexts[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: path.Clean(v)}
		}
	}

	t.Context = &bi.ContextPath

	args := map[string]string{}
	for k, v := range t.Args {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		args[k] = *v
	}

	labels := map[string]string{}
	for k, v := range t.Labels {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		labels[k] = *v
	}

	noCache := false
	if t.NoCache != nil {
		noCache = *t.NoCache
	}
	pull := false
	if t.Pull != nil {
		pull = *t.Pull
	}
	networkMode := ""
	if t.NetworkMode != nil {
		networkMode = *t.NetworkMode
	}
	shmSize := new(dockeropts.MemBytes)
	if t.ShmSize != nil {
		if err := shmSize.Set(*t.ShmSize); err != nil {
			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid value %s for membytes key shm-size", *t.ShmSize)
		}
	}

	var extraHosts []string
	for k, v := range t.ExtraHosts {
		if v == nil {
			continue
		}
		extraHosts = append(extraHosts, fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", k, *v))
	}

	bo := &build.Options{
		Inputs:        bi,
		Tags:          t.Tags,
		BuildArgs:     args,
		Labels:        labels,
		NoCache:       noCache,
		NoCacheFilter: t.NoCacheFilter,
		Pull:          pull,
		NetworkMode:   networkMode,
		Linked:        t.linked,
		ShmSize:       *shmSize,
		ExtraHosts:    extraHosts,
	}

	platforms, err := platformutil.Parse(t.Platforms)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	bo.Platforms = platforms

	secrets := t.Secrets
	if isRemoteContext(bi, inp) {
		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN"); ok {
			secrets = append(secrets, &buildflags.Secret{
				ID:  llb.GitAuthTokenKey,
				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_TOKEN",
			})
		}
		if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER"); ok {
			secrets = append(secrets, &buildflags.Secret{
				ID:  llb.GitAuthHeaderKey,
				Env: "BUILDX_BAKE_GIT_AUTH_HEADER",
			})
		}
	}
	bo.SecretSpecs = secrets.Normalize()
	secretAttachment, err := build.CreateSecrets(bo.SecretSpecs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	bo.Session = append(bo.Session, secretAttachment)

	bo.SSHSpecs = t.SSH
	if len(bo.SSHSpecs) == 0 && buildflags.IsGitSSH(bi.ContextPath) || (inp != nil && buildflags.IsGitSSH(inp.URL)) {
		bo.SSHSpecs = []*buildflags.SSH{{ID: "default"}}
	}

	sshAttachment, err := build.CreateSSH(bo.SSHSpecs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	bo.Session = append(bo.Session, sshAttachment)

	if t.Target != nil {
		bo.Target = *t.Target
	}

	if t.Call != nil {
		bo.CallFunc = &build.CallFunc{
			Name: *t.Call,
		}
	}

	if t.CacheFrom != nil {
		bo.CacheFrom = build.CreateCaches(t.CacheFrom)
	}
	if t.CacheTo != nil {
		bo.CacheTo = build.CreateCaches(t.CacheTo)
	}

	bo.Exports, bo.ExportsLocalPathsTemporary, err = build.CreateExports(t.Outputs)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	bo.Annotations, err = buildflags.ParseAnnotations(t.Annotations)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for _, e := range bo.Exports {
		for k, v := range bo.Annotations {
			e.Attrs[k.String()] = v
		}
	}

	bo.Attests = t.Attest.ToMap()

	bo.Policy = []buildflags.PolicyConfig(t.Policy)

	bo.SourcePolicy, err = build.ReadSourcePolicy()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ulimits := dockeropts.NewUlimitOpt(nil)
	for _, field := range t.Ulimits {
		if err := ulimits.Set(field); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	bo.Ulimits = ulimits

	bo.Allow = append(bo.Allow, t.Entitlements...)

	return bo, nil
}

func defaultTarget() *Target {
	return &Target{}
}

func removeDupesStr(s []string) []string {
	i := 0
	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, len(s))
	for _, v := range s {
		if _, ok := seen[v]; ok {
			continue
		}
		if v == "" {
			continue
		}
		seen[v] = struct{}{}
		s[i] = v
		i++
	}
	return s[:i]
}

func setPushOverride(outputs []*buildflags.ExportEntry, push bool) []*buildflags.ExportEntry {
	if !push {
		// Disable push for any relevant export types
		for i := 0; i < len(outputs); {
			output := outputs[i]
			switch output.Type {
			case "registry":
				// Filter out registry output type
				outputs[i], outputs[len(outputs)-1] = outputs[len(outputs)-1], outputs[i]
				outputs = outputs[:len(outputs)-1]
				continue
			case "image":
				// Override push attribute
				output.Attrs["push"] = "false"
			}
			i++
		}
		return outputs
	}

	// Force push to be enabled
	setPush := true
	for _, output := range outputs {
		if output.Type != "docker" {
			// If there is an output type that is not docker, don't set "push"
			setPush = false
		}

		// Set push attribute for image
		if output.Type == "image" {
			output.Attrs["push"] = "true"
		}
	}

	if setPush {
		// No existing output that pushes so add one
		outputs = append(outputs, &buildflags.ExportEntry{
			Type: "image",
			Attrs: map[string]string{
				"push": "true",
			},
		})
	}
	return outputs
}

func setLoadOverride(outputs []*buildflags.ExportEntry, load bool) []*buildflags.ExportEntry {
	if !load {
		return outputs
	}

	for _, output := range outputs {
		switch output.Type {
		case "docker":
			// if dest is not set, we can reuse this entry and do not need to set load
			if output.Destination == "" {
				return outputs
			}
		case "image", "registry", "oci":
			// Ignore
		default:
			// if there is any output that is not an image, registry
			// or oci, don't set "load" similar to push override
			return outputs
		}
	}

	outputs = append(outputs, &buildflags.ExportEntry{
		Type: "docker",
	})
	return outputs
}

func validateTargetName(name string) error {
	if !targetNamePattern.MatchString(name) {
		return errors.Errorf("only %q are allowed", validTargetNameChars)
	}
	return nil
}

func sanitizeTargetName(target string) string {
	// as stipulated in compose spec, service name can contain a dot so as
	// best-effort and to avoid any potential ambiguity, we replace the dot
	// with an underscore.
	return strings.ReplaceAll(target, ".", "_")
}

func isSubset(s1, s2 []string) bool {
	for _, item := range s1 {
		if !slices.Contains(s2, item) {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
}

func toNamedContexts(m map[string]string) map[string]build.NamedContext {
	m2 := make(map[string]build.NamedContext, len(m))
	for k, v := range m {
		m2[k] = build.NamedContext{Path: v}
	}
	return m2
}

type arrValue[B any] interface {
	encoding.TextUnmarshaler
	*B
}

func parseArrValue[T any, PT arrValue[T]](s []string) ([]*T, error) {
	outputs := make([]*T, 0, len(s))
	for _, text := range s {
		if text == "" {
			continue
		}

		output := new(T)
		if err := PT(output).UnmarshalText([]byte(text)); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		outputs = append(outputs, output)
	}
	return outputs, nil
}

var envLookupAllowed = sync.OnceValue(func() bool {
	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("BUILDX_BAKE_DISABLE_VARS_ENV_LOOKUP"); ok {
		disable, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
		if err == nil && disable {
			return false
		}
	}
	return true
})